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Hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic graphene oxide membrane intercalated by TiO

Zhichao Wu, Chang Zhang, Kaiming Peng, Qiaoying Wang, Zhiwei Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1042-y

摘要： Membrane technology for oil/water separation has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, the hydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane with enhanced water permeability and antifouling ability were fabricated by synergistically assembling graphene oxide(GO) nanosheets and titanium dioxide (TiO ) nanotubes for oil/water separation. GO/TiO membrane exhibits hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties with water contact angle of 62° and under water oil contact angle of 162.8°. GO/TiO membrane shows greater water permeability with the water flux up to 531 L/(m ·h·bar), which was more than 5 times that of the pristine GO membrane. Moreover, GO/TiO membrane had excellent oil/water separation efficiency and anti-oil-fouling capability, as oil residual in filtrate after separation was below 5 mg/L and flux recovery ratios were over 80%.The results indicate that the intercalation of TiO nanotubes into adjacent GO nanosheets enlarged the channel structure and modified surface topography of the obtained GO/TiO membranes, which improved the hydrophilicity, permeability and anti-oil-fouling ability of the membranes, enlightening the great prospects of GO/TiO membrane in oil-water treatment.

关键词： Hydrophilic Superoleophobic Graphene oxide Membrane Titanium dioxide nanotubes Oil-water separation

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Fabrication of a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic stainless steel mesh for oil/water separation

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 46-55 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2170-2

摘要： Because of the increasing amount of oily wastewater produced each day, it is important to develop superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic oil/water separation membranes with ultrahigh flux and high separation efficiency. In this paper, a superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic N-isopropylacrylamide-coated stainless steel mesh was prepared through a simple and convenient graft polymerization approach. The obtained mesh was able to separate oil/water mixtures only by gravity. In addition, the mesh showed high-efficiency separation ability (99.2%) and ultrahigh flux (235239 L∙m^–2∙h^–1). Importantly, due to the complex cross-linked bilayer structure, the prepared mesh exhibited good recycling performance and chemical stability in highly saline, alkaline and acidic environments.

关键词： oil/water separation N-isopropylacrylamide stainless steel mesh ultrahigh flux

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Bioinspired cellulose-based membranes in oily wastewater treatment

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1515-2

摘要：

• Cellulose-based membrane separates oily wastewater mimicking the living things.

关键词： Cellulose Bioinspired membrane Superhydrophobic surface Underwater superoleophobic surface Oil-water separation

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An antifouling catechol/chitosan-modified polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for sustainable oil-in-water emulsions separation

Shanshan Zhao, Zhu Tao, Liwei Chen, Muqiao Han, Bin Zhao, Xuelin Tian, Liang Wang, Fangang Meng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1355-5

摘要： Abstract • Underwater superoleophobic membrane was fabricated by deposition of catechol/chitosan. • The membrane had ultrahigh pure water flux and was stable under harsh pH conditions. • The membrane exhibited remarkable antifouling property in O/W emulsion separation. • The hydration layer on the membrane surface prevented oil droplets adhesion. Low-pressure membrane filtrations are considered as effective technologies for sustainable oil/water separation. However, conventional membranes usually suffer from severe pore clogging and surface fouling, and thus, novel membranes with superior wettability and antifouling features are urgently required. Herein, we report a facile green approach for the development of an underwater superoleophobic microfiltration membrane via one-step oxidant-induced ultrafast co-deposition of naturally available catechol/chitosan on a porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) substrate. Membrane morphology and surface chemistry were studied using a series of characterization techniques. The as-prepared membrane retained the original pore structure due to the ultrathin and uniform catechol/chitosan coating. It exhibited ultrahigh pure water permeability and robust chemical stability under harsh pH conditions. Moreover, the catechol/chitosan hydrophilic coating on the membrane surface acting as an energetic barrier for oil droplets could minimize oil adhesion on the surface, which endowed the membrane with remarkable antifouling property and reusability in a cyclic oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion separation. The modified membrane exhibited a competitive flux of ~428 L/(m2·h·bar) after three filtration cycles, which was 70% higher than that of the pristine PVDF membrane. These results suggest that the novel underwater superoleophobic membrane can potentially be used for sustainable O/W emulsions separation, and the proposed green facile modification approach can also be applied to other water-remediation materials considering its low cost and simplicity.

关键词： Antifouling Catechol/chitosan co-deposition Oil-in-water emulsions separation Underwater superoleophobic

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Turbidity-adaptive underwater image enhancement method using image fusion

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第17卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0669-8

摘要： Clear, correct imaging is a prerequisite for underwater operations. In real freshwater environment including rivers and lakes, the water bodies are usually turbid and dynamic, which brings extra troubles to quality of imaging due to color deviation and suspended particulate. Most of the existing underwater imaging methods focus on relatively clear underwater environment, it is uncertain that if those methods can work well in turbid and dynamic underwater environments. In this paper, we propose a turbidity-adaptive underwater image enhancement method. To deal with attenuation and scattering of varying degree, the turbidity is detected by the histogram of images. Based on the detection result, different image enhancement strategies are designed to deal with the problem of color deviation and blurring. The proposed method is verified by an underwater image dataset captured in real underwater environment. The result is evaluated by image metrics including structure similarity index measure, underwater color image quality evaluation metric, and speeded-up robust features. Test results exhibit that the method can correct the color deviation and improve the quality of underwater images.

关键词： turbidity underwater image enhancement image fusion underwater robots visibility

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水下交通隧道的设计与施工

王梦恕

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第7期页码 4-10

摘要：

综合论述了水下隧道在穿越江河湖海时所有的优势，介绍了水下交通隧道的设计与施工概况，讨论了水下隧道勘察设计、施工的几项关键技术，详细介绍了水下隧道施工的常用方法。

关键词：水下隧道设计施工

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Centrifuge experiment and numerical analysis of an air-backed plate subjected to underwater shock loading

Zhijie HUANG, Xiaodan REN, Zuyu CHEN, Daosheng LING

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第6期页码 1350-1362 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0559-x

摘要： In this study, systematic centrifuge experiments and numerical studies are conducted to investigate the effect of shock loads due to an underwater explosion on the dynamic responses of an air-backed steel plate. Numerical simulations with three different models of pressure time history generated by underwater explosion were carried out. The first model of pressure time history was measured in test. The second model to predict the time history of shock wave pressure from an underwater explosion was created by Cole in 1948. Coefficients of Cole’s formulas are determined experimentally. The third model was developed by Zamyshlyaev and Yakovlev in 1973. All of them are implemented into the numerical model to calculate the shock responses of the plate. Simulated peak strains obtained from the three models are compared with the experimental results, yielding average relative differences of 21.39%, 45.73%, and 13.92%, respectively. The Russell error technique is used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between the numerical and experimental results. Quantitative analysis shows that the simulated strains for most measurement points on the steel plate are acceptable. By changing the scaled distances, different shock impulses were obtained and exerted on the steel plate. Systematic numerical studies are performed to investigate the effect of the accumulated shock impulse on the peak strains. The numerical and experimental results suggest that the peak strains are strongly dependent on the accumulated shock impulse.

关键词： underwater explosion centrifuge experiment shock load dynamic response accumulated shock impulse

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Effects of thermocline on performance of underwater glider’s power system propelled by ocean thermal

Hai YANG, Jie MA,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 472-479 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0052-7

摘要： The thermal glider’s changeable volume produces propelling force to power the glider’s descending and ascending through the thermocline. The different depth, thickness, and intensity of the thermocline at different seasons and locations affect the working processes of the glider’s power system. Based on the enthalpy method, a mathematical model of the underwater glider’s power system was established and the time efficiency of operation was introduced, so that the effects of different thermoclines on the underwater glider’s power system were analyzed theoretically. The simulation result shows that the thermocline affects the transition time of the phase change processes of working fluids within the thermal engine tubes. There exist the threshold values of the thermocline’s depth and upper thickness for the power system’s operation. A depth or upper thickness of the thermocline less than the corresponding threshold leads the power system to work abnormally. To keep the power system working efficiently, a glider must be kept in warm surface water for a certain period before it moves through cold water, so that the time efficiency of operation is reduced. A less time efficiency of operation is unfavorable to the thermal glider to penetrate through the ocean currents.

关键词： mathematical underwater glider system working certain corresponding threshold

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Detecting large-scale underwater cracks based on remote operated vehicle and graph convolutional neural

Wenxuan CAO; Junjie LI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第11期页码 1378-1396 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0855-8

摘要： It is of great significance to quickly detect underwater cracks as they can seriously threaten the safety of underwater structures. Research to date has mainly focused on the detection of above-water-level cracks and hasn’t considered the large scale cracks. In this paper, a large-scale underwater crack examination method is proposed based on image stitching and segmentation. In addition, a purpose of this paper is to design a new convolution method to segment underwater images. An improved As-Projective-As-Possible (APAP) algorithm was designed to extract and stitch keyframes from videos. The graph convolutional neural network (GCN) was used to segment the stitched image. The GCN’s m-IOU is 24.02% higher than Fully convolutional networks (FCN), proving that GCN has great potential of application in image segmentation and underwater image processing. The result shows that the improved APAP algorithm and GCN can adapt to complex underwater environments and perform well in different study areas.

关键词： underwater cracks remote operated vehicle image stitching image segmentation graph convolutional neural network

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Aslotted floor acquisitionmultiple access based MACprotocol for underwater acoustic networks withRTS

Liang-fang QIAN,Sen-lin ZHANG,Mei-qin LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第3期页码 217-226 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400187

摘要： Long propagation delay, limited bandwidth, and high bit error rate pose great challenges in media access control (MAC) protocol design for underwater acoustic networks. A MAC protocol called slotted floor acquisition multiple access (slotted-FAMA) suitable for underwater acoustic networks is proposed and analyzed. This FAMA based protocol adds a time slot mechanism to avoid DATA packet collisions. However, slotted-FAMA is not suitable for dense networks since the multiple request-to-send (RTS) attempts problem in dense networks is serious and greatly limits the network throughput. To overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a slotted-FAMA based MAC protocol for underwater acoustic networks, called RC-SFAMA. RC-SFAMA introduces an RTS competition mechanism to keep the network from high frequency of backoff caused by the multiple RTS attempts problem. Via the RTS competition mechanism, useful data transmission can be completed successfully when the situation of multiple RTS attempts occurs. Simulation results show that RC-SFAMA increases the network throughput efficiency as compared with slotted-FAMA, and minimizes the energy consumption.

关键词： Underwater acoustic networks Medium access control (MAC) Request-to-send (RTS) competition Throughput Energy consumption

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海洋水下立体观测技术装备发展研究

马蕊,赵修涛,柳存根

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第6期页码 19-25 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.06.003

摘要：

建立水下立体观测网来获得科学、实时、全面的数据，是未来认识、开发、利用海洋的重要方向。本文分析了发展海洋水下立体观测技术装备的需求和必要性，对比了国内外相关装备的发展现状，进一步剖析我国领域发展面临的问题，研判作为海洋水下观测关键环节的传感器技术进展点。研究认为，我国海洋观测平台技术有了很大进步，但在海洋关键传感器、高精度传感器方面依然落后于世界先进水平；海洋观测的大数据与实际需求之间有所脱节，海洋传感器缺乏改进平台支撑。研究提出了支持海洋关键传感器研究成果高效转化、统筹管理国家海洋水下立体观测技术装备、建立海上仪器装备国家公共试验平台等对策建议，以期为相关领域中长期发展提供方向参照。

关键词：海洋观测海底观测网水下移动观测平台水下传感器

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盾构法修建水下隧道的关键技术问题

孙谋,谭忠盛

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第7期页码 18-23

摘要：

结合武汉长江隧道等水下盾构隧道工程，对水下盾构施工合理覆盖层厚度、盾构类型及关键参数确定进行了分析。对水下盾构施工关键技术如开挖面稳定技术、预防泥水喷发技术、防止隧道上浮技术、盾构姿态控制技术、长距离掘进及盾构水中对接技术、盾构始发与到达技术等进行了归纳。

关键词：水下隧道盾构法覆盖层厚度盾构选型关键技术

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水下攻防对抗体系及其未来发展

谢伟,杨萌,龚俊斌

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第6期页码 71-79 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.06.014

摘要：

为顺应现代海战的演进趋势，水下攻防对抗正朝着体系化方向发展，综合了水下预警、侦察、探测、攻防等一系列行动。虽然单一领域的武器装备发展迅速，但水下攻防仍存在对抗体系的能力建设、作战样式、未来发展重点不甚清晰等问题。本文梳理了军事强国水下对抗体系建设的现状与基础，分析研判了未来水下攻防对抗体系的功能组成和典型作战样式，重点阐述了水下攻防对抗体系装备发展的主要方向，同时提出了加强综合感知和导航、发展联合指挥控制、注重军民融合式发展等水下攻防体系与装备的建设举措。相关研究可为我国未来水下攻防对抗的顶层设计和装备论证提供理论参考。

关键词：水下攻防对抗体系协同作战无人系统

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水下隧道盾构法施工安全风险评估探讨

卢浩,施烨辉,戎晓力

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第10期页码 91-96

摘要：

随着地铁、公路等交通隧道的不断发展，隧道往往穿越江河湖泊等水体，大直径泥水平衡盾构广泛应用于水下隧道施工。大直径盾构施工风险高、控制难度大，加上水下施工不确定因素多，风险因素具有不断动态变化的特点，使得施工过程中存在较大的风险。风险评估越来越多地应用于水下隧道施工安全管理中。本文介绍了大直径泥水盾构的几个特点，并对这几个特点引起风险增大的机理进行了分析，针对风险评估常用的几种方法中存在的不足，提出了一种适用于类似工程的指数法，给出了该方法的评估流程及基本计算模型，并将该方法初步应用于某水下隧道施工风险评估。该方法能够适应风险因素的变化，并且不拘泥于真实概率，通过进一步的细化和完善，能够更好地适用于水下隧道施工安全风险评估。

关键词：水下隧道安全风险动态评估